“This was an astonishing episode - even during the Mao period, you didn’t see a dramatic disruption of the congress like this,” said Victor Shih, a specialist in Chinese politics at the University of California at San Diego. Hu, 79, suffering from poor health, as Chinese state media would later report? Or was he being purged in a dramatic show by China’s current leader, Xi Jinping, for the world to see? The moment, captured on video by journalists who had been allowed into the hall minutes earlier, prompted questions and wild speculation. Hu - who appeared reluctant to go - out of Beijing’s Great Hall of the People. Typical mixtures of aerosol components as well as typical height profiles are proposed as default values, but mixtures and profiles for the description of individual cases may also be achieved simply.The roughly 2,000 delegates to the congress had just cast ballots for the party’s prestigious Central Committee. Thus, in OPAC it is made possible to get optical properties of any mixtures of the basic components and to calculate optical depths on the base of exponential aerosol height profiles. Real aerosol in the atmosphere always is a mixture of different components. The software package also allows calculation of derived optical properties like mass extinction coefficients and Ångström coefficients. Data are given for up to 61 wavelengths between 0.25 and 40 μm and up to eight values of the relative humidity. They are calculated on the basis of the microphysical data (size distribution and spectral refractive index) under the assumption of spherical particles in case of aerosols and cloud droplets and assuming hexagonal columns in case of cirrus clouds. The optical properties are the extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients, the single scattering albedo, the asymmetry parameter, and the phase function. Microphysical and optical properties of six water clouds, three ice clouds, and 10 aerosol components, which are considered as typical cases, are stored as ASCII files. It easily provides optical properties in the solar and terrestrial spectral range of atmospheric particulate matter. The software package OPAC (Optical Properties of Aerosols and Clouds) is described.
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